GRE阅读相关解答

众所周知，阅读是GRE general test中令广大考生头疼的一类题目了，同时也是得分率低的部分。因为考生需在15分钟内完成近2,000字的阅读以及相应的约10道题目，并且所涉及的文章大多是生涩难懂的学术性文章。要想攻破GRE 阅读，掌握GRE 阅读常考题型是必不可少的。

下面就由美嘉导师带来的详细介绍：

1、主旨题

考神马?

考察考生对文章大意和总体结构，感情色彩的把握能力

咋样考?

The primary purpose of the passage is to ……?

The author is primarily concerned with…… ?

The passage focuses primarily on which of the following ?

俺咋办?

总体来说，要想成功的解决GRE阅读主旨题这个老大难，需要考虑三方面的内容：

（1）整篇文章的结构类型

（2）Topic sentence

（3）作者的态度

结构类型相同的文章，尽管内容不尽相同，但是主旨题的答案却存在很大程度上的相似性。比如文章属于“全文论证一个观点的型”，那么其主旨题的答案就很难出现reject, challenge, refute 等字眼。 但是这类词却在“全文新观点推翻旧观点的”的文章主旨题中频繁出现。所以说，不论GRE 的文章主题怎样变化，一种文章类型往往会有一批相对固定的描述其主旨的特征词汇。 掌握好这部分词汇也是成功解决主旨题的关键。

样题：

Traditional research has confronted only Mexican and United States interpretations of Mexican-American culture. Now we must also examine the culture as we Mexican Americans have experienced it, passing from a sovereign people to compatriots with newly arriving settlers to, finally, a conquered people—a charter (a grant or guarantee of rights, franchises, or privileges from the sovereign power of a state or country) minority on our own land.

When the Spanish first came to Mexico, they intermarried with and absorbed the culture of the indigenous Indians. This policy of colonization through acculturation was continued when Mexico acquired Texas in the early 1800’s and brought the indigenous Indians into Mexican life and government. In the 1820’s, United States citizens migrated to Texas, attracted by land suitable for cotton. As their numbers became more substantial, their policy of acquiring land by subduing native populations began to dominate. The two ideologies clashed repeatedly, culminating in a military conflict that led to victory for the United States. Thus, suddenly deprived of our parent culture, we had to evolve uniquely Mexican-American modes of thought and action in order to survive.

17. The author’s purpose in writing this passage is primarily to

(A) suggest the motives behind Mexican and United States intervention in Texas

(B) document certain early objectives of Mexican-American society

(C) provide a historical perspective for a new analysis of Mexican-American culture

(D) appeal to both Mexican and United States scholars to give greater consideration to economic interpretations of history

(E) bring to light previously overlooked research on Mexican Americans

2、结构题

考神马?

考察对文章结构组织的概括把握能力

咋样考?

Which of the following most accurately describes the organization of the passage?

The author organizes the passage by ….

俺咋办?

美嘉导师表示，结构题的答案往往是对文章结构组织的概括. 很多时候就是与文章结构有关的Structural Elements (比如说段首的观点句，转折句等)的概括或直接改写。比如说在“全文论证一个观点型”文章中结构题的答案会包括观点，论证内容，结论。

样题：

Echolocating bats emit sounds in patterns—characteristic of each species—that contain both frequency-modulated (FM) and constant-frequency (CF) signals. The broadband FM signals and the narrowband CF signals travel out to a target, reflect from it, and return to the hunting bat. In this process of transmission and reflection, the sounds are changed, and the changes in the echoes enable the bat to perceive features of the target.

The FM signals report information about target characteristics that modify the timing and the fine frequency structure, or spectrum, of echoes—for example, the target’s size, shape, texture, surface structure, and direction in space. Because of their narrow bandwidth, CF signals portray only the target’s presence and, in the case of some bat species, its motion relative to the bat’s. Responding to changes in the CF echo’s frequency, bats of some species correct in flight for the direction and velocity of their moving prey.

Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?

(A) A fact is stated, a process is outlined, and specific details of the process are described.

(B) A fact is stated, and examples suggesting that a distinction needs correction are considered.

(C) A fact is stated, a theory is presented to explain that fact, and additional facts are introduced to validate the theory.

(D) A fact is stated, and two theories are compared in light of their explanations of this fact.

(E) A fact is stated, a process is described, and examples of still another process are illustrated in detail.

3、态度题

考神马?

考察对于作者情感，态度的把握能力

咋样考?

The author’s attitude toward ……can be best described / characterized / understood as

俺咋办?

要想成功的解决态度题，一定要做到以下几点。首先，在看到文章中表达作者对某观点,某事物的态度的句子要给予强烈的关注，并做标记。然后，判断作者表现出来的态度属于哪种类型，其实这些态度不外乎有以下几种类型：

正态度

负态度

无态度(也就是客观公正的态度)

无明确态度

复杂态度(有让步成分的态度)

后， 根据态度的类型做出相应的排除。

当然，成功解决态度题的另外一个关键就是掌握常见的态度词。例如：

正态度：

Accessible adj 易接近的

Accurate adj 准确的，精确的

Appreciation n 赞美，钦佩

……

负态度：

Antipathy n 憎恶， 反感

Dubious adj 可疑的， 不确定的

Hostile adj 敌对的， 敌方的

Disdain v 轻蔑

样题：

If a supernova (the explosion of a massive star) triggered star formation from dense clouds of gas and dust, and if the most massive star to be formed from the cloud evolved into a supernova and triggered a new round of star formation, and so on, then a chain of star-forming regions would result. If many such chains were created in a differentially rotating galaxy, the distribution of stars would resemble the observed distribution in a spiral galaxy .

This line of reasoning underlies an exciting new theory of spiral-galaxy structure. A computer simulation based on this theory has reproduced the appearance of many spiral galaxies without assuming an underlying density wave, the hallmark (a distinguishing characteristic, trait, or feature “the dramatic flourishes which are the hallmark of the trial lawyer Marion K. Sanders”) of the most widely accepted theory of the large-scale structure of spiral galaxies. That theory maintains that a density wave of spiral form sweeps through the central plane of a galaxy, compressing clouds of gas and dust, which collapse into stars that form a spiral pattern.

The author’s attitude toward the new theory of spiral-galaxy structure can best be described as

(A) euphoric

(B) enthusiastic

(C) c